Uno de los problemas más traumáticos que enfrentamos al asumir un proceso de investigación tiene que ver con la falta de comprensión de las perspectivas teóricas con que podemos emprender la solución de un determinado problema. Existe por ejemplo, la creencia derivada de resolver problemas de invest..

Social reality is configured and permanently re-configured from the meaning societies give to the world. From these meanings, people shape their social order; their ways of being, doing, represent in the world, organizing in this framework their daily lives. It is established as a social practice as far as it acquires enough roots, significance and objectification to give a transformative sense to its social actors and their environment. The purpose of this article is to question some perspectives from which social (...) practice has been set up, departing decisively from the functional dimension, showing the power of the concept of social practice in the human configuration as an expression of humanity from the social imaginary. The article analyses some trends in social practice, seeking to establish a synthesis as an expression of humanity; it confronts theories and support its proposal in the logic of social imaginary to overcome the practice as mere activity and place it as socio-historical and psychosomatic stage. La realidad social se configura y re-configura permanentemente a partir del sentido que las sociedades dan al mundo. Desde estas significaciones las personas configuran su orden social; sus formas de ser, hacer, representar en el mundo, organizando en este marco su vida cotidiana. Ella se establece como práctica social en la medida que adquiere el suficiente arraigo, significación y objetivación que les da un sentido transformador a sus actores sociales y su entorno. El objeto del presente artículo es abordar algunas perspectivas desde las cuales se ha configurado la práctica social, que se salen decididamente de la dimensión meramente funcional, y que evidencian la potencia de este concepto en la configuración de seres humanos como expresión de humanidad desde los imaginarios sociales. En el texto se propone un análisis de algunas tendencias de la práctica social buscando establecer una síntesis de consideraciones por las cuales esta adquiere una dimensión como expresión de humanidad; confronta teorías que la apoyan y soporta su propuesta en la lógica de los imaginarios sociales para superar la práctica como mera actividad y situarla como escenario socio-histórico y psicosomático. (shrink)

Resumen: Las relaciones entre motricidad y corporeidad son fundamentales en una consideración de desarrollo humano. Mostrar las particularidades de cada una de ellas, así como de sus dimensiones, y analizar su fuerte articulación, nos resulta importante para comprender la naturaleza humanizadora de las mismas. El texto muestra las diferencias entre la motricidad y la corporeidad y argumenta desde la analogía de los magmas la posibilidad de comprender su imbricada relación y diferencia para poder desarrollar un concepto hacia el desarrollo de (...) lo humano del ser.: The relationships between motor skills and corporeality are fundamental in a consideration of human development. To show the particularities of each one of them, as well as their dimensions, and analyze their strong articulation, it is important for us to understand their humanizing nature. The text shows the differences between motor skills and corporeality and argues from the analogy of magmas the possibility of understanding their overlapping relationship and difference to develop a concept towards the development of the human being. (shrink)

In this paper I discuss some of the criteria that are widely used in the linguistic and philosophical literature to classify an aspect of meaning as either semantic or pragmatic. With regards to the case of scalar implicature (e.g. some Fs are G implying that not all Fs are G), these criteria are not ultimately conclusive, either in the results of their application, or in the interpretation of the results with regards to the semantics/pragmatics distinction (or in both). I propose (...) a psychologically relevant criterion, that of the primary or secondary role of context. This criterion applies to sub-personal processes that derive the interpretation of a scalar term rather than to the eventual interpretation of the term, and there exist well-established experimental paradigms that can generate quantitative data. I present recent studies on scalar implicature which employ such off-line and real-time paradigms, aiming to demonstrate how research on the semantics/pragmatics distinction can benefit from experimental investigation. (shrink)

La insistencia de Ortega y Gasset en la dimensión lúdica de la vida, tan opuesta a la trágica de Unamuno, ha sido analizada desde diferentes puntos de vista. Sin embargo, apenas se ha tenido en consideración la influencia que pudo tener la reflexión filosófica de Friedrich Schiller, quien hizo del juego la clave de la educación ilustrada del hombre y del logro de una vida plena. Con este presupuesto, se someten a examen dos textos fundamentales de Ortega, El tema de (...) nuestro tiempo y Qué es filosofía, poniendo énfasis en las semejanzas de planeamiento con respecto a las tesis del famoso dramaturgo alemán. (shrink)

Implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in supply chains is not a trivial task. In fact, many firms in recent years have publicly proclaimed that in order to keep their CSR commitments, they had to reduce reliance on external suppliers by vertically integrating their operations. Our aim in this article is to examine whether there is truly a relationship between a firm’s CSR performance and its level of vertical integration. Drawing on a multi-industry sample of 2,715 firm-year observations, and after addressing (...) endogeneity concerns, we demonstrate that firms with higher CSR performance tend to vertically integrate more (or, outsource less). We also demonstrate that this tendency is weaker for firms that have higher degrees of asset specificity or international diversification. Our core conclusion is that CSR performance and outsourcing are at odds, but firms can reconcile this tension by deepening their collaborations with suppliers. (shrink)

En el primer apartado del presente artículo busca evidenciarse la importancia del cuerpo en la práctica política a través del estudio de la antinomia vida-política, que desemboca en la configuración del Estado moderno. En este, el cuerpo individual padece sufrimiento y dolor como resultado de la lógica política de dicho contexto, cuyas estrategias se solidifican mediante las técnicas de poder denominadas anatomopolítica y biopolítica. Posteriormente, se reflexiona sobre el dolor como práctica de dominación política del gobierno neoliberal sobre la corporalidad (...) del sujeto a través de la lógica del hacer vivir dentro de lo que se concibe como el ejercicio de la normalización. Esta última se consigue a través de la vigilancia jerárquica y la sanción normalizadora, que, en oposición a Marx, Foucault no localiza en el Estado sino en la microfísica de poder. Ello permitirá concluir con la invitación a repensar la anatomopolítica como aspecto fundamental de la política y los sujetos y sujetas que la constituyen. (shrink)

Some business schools have come under considerable criticism for what observers see as their complicit involvement in the corporate scandals and financial crises of the last 15 years. Much of the discussion about changes that schools might undertake has been focused on curriculum issues. However, revisiting the curriculum does not get at the root cause of the problem. Instead, it might create a new challenge: the risk of decoupling the discussion of the curriculum from broader issues of institutional purpose. In (...) this article, we argue that the most pressing need facing business schools is not to teach new courses to be responsive to social demands and stay relevant. Instead, it is to revisit their basic mission—the principles and beliefs on which they were founded—and then to re-evaluate their curriculum design choices in this light. We contrast the Spartan and Athenian educational paradigms as a way of shedding light on the nature of a coherent response. (shrink)

One fundamental healthcare issue brought to the fore by the current COVID-19 pandemic concerns the scope and nature of the right to healthcare. Given our increasing need for the usually limited healthcare resources, to what extent can we demand provision of these resources as a matter of right? One philosophical way of handling this issue is to clarify the nature of this right. Using the challenges of COVID-19 in the Philippines as the context of analysis, we argue for the view (...) that regards the right to healthcare as fundamentally moral in kind, which should thereby guide its legal and contractual appropriations. In particular, we respond to objections against this view stemming from issues concerning the universality and satisfiability of the right’s correlative duty. We deal with such issues by invoking the relative degree of incumbency of moral rights and the capability-relativity of positive duties. We further contend that as these factors define the scope of the moral right to healthcare, they thus constrain what we can demand as a matter of right to meet our healthcare needs in this time of the pandemic. (shrink)

Contemporary humanity—especially urban‐industrial civilization with its domination of nature—is disturbing complex, integrated, self‐regulating systems that have evolved over long periods of time. We are threatening not only biological ecosystems but also human self‐regulating capabilities at both the biological and the social‐systems levels. This paper presents examples of such disturbance both in the organism—respiratory‐cardiovascular problems related to environmental pollution‐and at the population level—rates of infant mortality and relations between fertility and mortality in light of economic and emotional factors. Prospects for our (...) future survival and flourishing are thus linked less to technical know‐how than to ecological understanding. (shrink)

Este trabajo se aproxima a la recepción de Descartes en la obra del escritor francés Paul Valéry. Examinando algunos de sus textos sobre el filósofo y las lecturas de autores como Derrida, Benjamin, Löwith o Blumenberg, examinamos algunas de las claves del pensamiento de Valéry. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar cómo la obra en prosa de este poeta resulta fundamental para estudiar la crisis del sujeto y las transformaciones de la filosofía contemporánea.

ResumenEn el presente artículo se pretende sacar a la luz los presupuestos filosóficos e ideológicos que subyacen a la teoría del pastiche postmoderno del pensador norteamericano Fredric Jameson. Pese a que las descripciones que se encuentran en La lógica cultural del capitalismo tardío son breves y escuetas, los fundamentos marxistas y estructuralistas que las ahorman ayudan a entenderla. En paralelo, se explica una de sus tesis más desconocidas, la relativa a la llamada «película nostálgica», y se explica su actitud ante (...) otras manifestaciones artísticas postmodernas como la arquitectura historicista.Palabras clavePostmodernismo, pastiche, Fredric Jameson, arquitectura postmoderna, película nostálgicaAbstractThis paper intends to clarify the philosophical and ideological backgrounds that underlie the North American thinker Fredric Jameson’s theory of the postmodern pastiche. Despite the fact that the descriptions provided in Postmodernisms, Or the Cultural Logic of Capitalism are brief and succinct, the Marxist and Structuralist foundations that form them can help understand thistheory. In parallel, we explain one of his lesser known theses, the so called «nostalgic movie», and his attitude towards other artistic postmodern manifestations as the historicist architecture.KeywordsPostmodernism, pastiche, Fredric Jameson, postmodern architecture, nostalgic movie. (shrink)

The supposition that Wittgenstein's Tractatus advances a certain metaphysics has given rise to a controversy over the ontological status of his Tractarian objects. It has been debated, for instance, whether these objects consist only of particulars or of both particulars and universals; whether they are physical, phenomenal, or phenomenological entities; and whether they correspond to Russell's objects of acquaintance or Kant's phenomena and substance. In this essay, I endorse Ishiguro's view that these objects, being formal concepts, are ontologically neutral and (...) thus are not identifiable with any ontological kind of entities. I elaborate on the coherence of this view with the propositional dependence of the meaning of Tractarian names. After showing why some arguments for ascribing a Russellian theory of meaning to these names do not work, I demonstrate why Ishiguro's account of Tractarian objects and names provides a better explanation of the unalterability of these objects. (shrink)

A large body of experience and expertise on the implementation of sustainable public school food procurement policies has developed in recent years. However, there has been little investigation of the values and motivations of the public officials implementing the policies. To address this gap, we examine how the city of Avignon took a step toward transition to local fresh food procurement for public schools, under French government calls for sustainable food products in public canteens. Our analysis combines the Multi-Level Perspective (...) on sustainable transitions with the Public Service Motivation construct. Unlike other studies addressing the MLP at a macro level, we focus on individual motivations behind public action. We demonstrate that staff motivations have a major impact on how policies supporting transition to local fresh food procurement for public schools are implemented. These public officials’ approach to food shows concern for the public interest regardless of financial return. It is not the rational choice that primarily drives the implementation of urban food policies, but normative conformity and affective bonding. Interestingly, we conclude that the success of Avignon’s politically-driven school food procurement policy is essentially due to the catering and procurement staff who overcame the barriers to its implementation. (shrink)

This essay is a critical examination of how Edmund Husserl, in his appropriation of Franz Brentano’s concept of intentionality into his phenomenology, deals with the very issues that shaped Brentano’s theory of intentionality. These issues concern the proper criterion for distinguishing mental from physical phenomena and the right explanation for the independence of the intentionality of mental phenomena from the existence or non-existence of their objects. Husserl disagrees with Brentano’s views that intentionality is the distinguishing feature of all mental phenomena (...) and that the mental status of intentional objects is what explains the said independence. The crucial concept in Husserl’s theory of intentionality is the noema of consciousness, which functions in the same way as Gottlob Frege’s sense in his theory of semantics. This essay argues that Husserl’s alternative solutions to the problems of Brentano run in conflict either with the desired rigor of his phenomenology or with the actual workings of language. (shrink)

Reseña del libro Hegel Psíquico I (del alma) León Rozitchner (2015). Ediciones Biblioteca Nacional. 128 pp.

This longitudinal study explored patterns of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation, as well as its association with the teaching style and the physical activity enjoyment in a group of students. The sample consisted of 200 secondary education students (105 girls and 95 boys) aged 11 to 13 years (M= 12.65,SD= 0.79) at the start of the study. Students were assessed twice in a 22 month-period. Descriptive analyses were conducted between major variables at both time points, and to explore the (...) number and nature of clusters, we relied on latent profile analysis. The statistical analyses showed three different patterns: downward, stable and upward, with different outcomes and determinants. The downward pattern was associated with more negative enjoyment and a controlling style, while the upward pattern with more positive enjoyment and autonomy support. This study, which was based on a person-centered approach, provided a bigger picture of the interplay between autonomy, competence, relatedness, self-determined motivation, autonomy/control support, and physical activity enjoyment. (shrink)

This paper surveys future managers’ cognitive framings of interconnected concerns for economic growth, social prosperity, and the natural environment across six countries in Latin America, and elaborates on implications for sustainability management education. Our cluster analysis unveils three cognitive types. Our findings show that whereas some future managers exhibit a ‘business case’ cognitive frame, prioritizing economic growth over the environment, the other two clusters of participants show signs of cognitive dissonance with some of the tenets of the current growth paradigm (...) while still not neatly fitting the definition of a paradoxical cognitive frame. In particular, individuals within the latter two groups do not visualize links among economic, social, and environmental dimensions that make up sustainable development. Following calls to enhance our understanding of sustainability micro-foundations, our study offers a more nuanced picture of the cognitive plurality beyond dichotomous characterizations of managerial cognitive frames as either business case or paradoxical. Moreover, results elucidate the cultural mediation that operates in the reproduction of business stances vis-à-vis nature, opening up possibilities for management education programs to engage with cognitive plurality to effect paradigmatic change. (shrink)

En este artículo, que se encuadra dentro de la discusión entre filosofía y ciencia cognitiva sobre el yo-narrativo, se pone en estudio la relación entre la construcción de la identidad y las narraciones que los veteranos realizan sobre su paso por la guerra. La hipótesis que se plantea es que algunos veteranos utilizan una forma especial de narrativa, llamada la estrategia de la ucronía, para evitar la Experiencia del daño. En concreto, se infiere de sus narrativas que usan una forma (...) de herramienta cognitiva, llamada la justificación del verdugo, para que tenga sentido el daño que hicieron o que les produjeron; consiste en creer que sus acciones sirvieron para que el mundo actual fuese mejor y, de esta manera, alejar la realidad de la guerra de las expectativas del mundo humano. Detectar este tipo de forma narrativa en los soldados es pertinente para la sociedades democráticas, debido a que las heridas morales que los veterano traen de la guerra impiden una adecuado reingreso en la sociedad civil. (shrink)

Whereas extant literature has examined the overall effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on innovation, it is argued that CSR is a multidimensional concept encompassing both progressive activities concerning a firm’s engagement in the social domain, as well as rational aspects pertaining to corporate governance practices and the protection of shareholder rights. This study integrates organizational hypocrisy with the knowledge-based view literatures to examine how different forms of CSR engagement affect the rate of new product introductions (NPI). Results suggest that (...) the mechanisms by which progressive and rational CSR are associated to increases in the rate of NPI differ. Specifically, while progressive CSR positively affects the rate of NPI and such effect is deemed stronger for firms that are more vertically integrated, the effect of rational CSR on the rate of NPI is conditional on a firm’s level of absorptive capacity. (shrink)

With its use of the powerful technology of computer, the computational theory of mind or computationalism, which regards minds as computational systems, has been widely hailed as the most promising theory that will carry out the project of explaining the workings of the mind in purely scientific terms. While it continues to serve as the primary framework for scientifically inclined theorizing and investigations about the nature of minds, especially in the area of cognitive science, it, however, continues to face strong (...) objections from its critics. And with the growing complexity and sophistication of the arguments used to promote and reject the theory, the debate has become intractable. It has become quite difficult to assess which side of the dispute is gaining the upper hand. Such difficulty may be due to a variety of reasons. In this essay, I critically examine two of such reasons. The first concerns the ambiguity of the theory’s intended scope of application: whether it is limited to the mind’s cognitive features only or it also includes the mind’s phenomenal features. The second concerns the vagueness of how the so-called computer modelling of human cognitive processes is able to duplicate such processes. Accordingly, if insufficiently addressed, they remain as two roadblocks to the entire project of computationalism. (shrink)